Pros And Cons Criminal Profiling In Criminal Cases Criminology Essay

Advantages and disadvantages Criminal Profiling In Criminal Cases Criminology Essay Numerous individuals who hear somebody state they are a criminal profiler they are slanted to consider T.V. delineated shows, for example, Profilers, Criminal Minds and films like Silence of the Lambs. Tragically, these models depict an impressive order of catching lawbreakers (Fulero and Wrightsman, pg.79). Criminal profiling is viewed as the way toward breaking down a wrongdoing scene and utilizing the data found to decide the character or highlights of a culprit. In spite of the fact that this doesn't give you the culprits name, it very well may be useful in narrowing down suspects. For instance, a profiling dependent on a wrongdoing scene gives data that may incorporate character, sex, age, ethnic foundation, and conceivable physical highlights, for example, scars, tattoos, skin colorations, or stature and weight of the culprit. This kind of data can be utilized to distinguish potential suspects, yet it additionally relies upon who fits the profile (www.mtholyoke.edu). The procedure of mental profiling was first utilized as a technique in America during the 1950s. Specialists discovered intriguing examples and similitudes between sequential executioners practices. Chosen designs discovered comprise of the executioners having experienced maltreatment at a youthful age. Regardless of whether it was sexual or physical this sort of misuse prompted irregular practices later on. During a scope of youthful ages through adolescent years, they would light fires and they were unfeeling to creatures or other youngsters. At that point in the late high school a very long time to mid twenties, were taking part in trivial wrongdoing and opposing power (www.library.thinkquest.org). As indicated by a few, carrying out genuine criminal acts as a rule begins at about or around the people mid to late 20s. Especially at this more established age run having the option to control casualties and show a hugeness of intensity or mastery is a fundamental inspiration for crooks, too sexual expectations. Killing somebody gives the culprit feeling of control in which they have never had. A few crooks feel that they have to remember the occasions that happened during the homicide or wrongdoing, so they take something of individual incentive from the person in question. For example, gems, attire and they go the extent that body parts (www.library.thinkquest.org). Â Character is considered by numerous individuals to be one of the most significant pieces of criminal profiling. The character profiles of hoodlums are the manner by which a wrongdoing is submitted, otherwise called the strategy for activities or M.O. The M.O. incorporates the personality of the person in question, what the person in question or casualties share for all intents and purpose, the weapons that were utilized, the absence of compassion, and the indication of any torment and additionally sexual attack. Dissecting these parts of the wrongdoing scene, a specialist can decide the thought processes of the culprit. This can prompt the portrayal of the culprits character, or a character profile (www.mtholyoke.edu). Fittingly, criminal profilers have strategies in which they work by. As per www.criminalprofiling .ch, there are seven profiling strategies and six logical ways to deal with profiling of criminal suspects. In the profiling strategies, the first is simply the assessment of the criminal demonstration. Remembered for the demonstration would be the M.O. furthermore, the mark. The mark is in ignores to why he does the demonstrations he does, or what satisfies him inwardly. At that point an assessment of the exactness of the wrongdoing scene or scenes would be taken. An investigation of the person in question or casualties is conduced, this is otherwise called victimology. Victimology is the careful examination and investigation of casualty attributes. The attributes of an individual guilty parties casualty populace of decision, in a solitary offense or after some time, can loan themselves to deductive inductions about wrongdoer thought process, usual way of doing things, and the assurance of wrongdoing scene signature. In this manner, an assessment of the fundamental police reports is seized, just as the clinical inspectors dissection convention. Thus, the set up of a profile with basic gui lty party attributes is built. Finally, an insightful recommendation to an expectation on the develop of the profile is built. The following level is to check with neighborhood agents and propose pragmatic methodologies to get the unidentified subject or UNSUB to make a move. At that point there are the logical ways to deal with profiling criminal suspects. At first there is profiling inputs. Inside this first stage a gathering of all data about the wrongdoing is arranged. Data that incorporates physical proof from the wrongdoing scene, photos of the wrongdoing scene, any post-mortem reports and photographs, witness declarations, foundation data about the person in question or casualties and police reports. At this stage the criminal profiler wouldn't like to think about suspects since it could make a bias heading their profile. Second are the choice procedure models. Inside the choice handling model the profiler composes all data into questions and examples through numerous elements of crimes. Questions, for example, what sort of manslaughter has been carried out, what is the essential rationale of the wrongdoing, etc. Third is the wrongdoing appraisal. In light of the discoveries of different stages, the profiler attempts to reproduce the conduct of the guilty party and the person in question. For instance, as general profiling rules state: awful facial wounds are coordinated to executioners who know their casualties, murders carried out with any weapon that happens to be accessible presentation more noteworthy impulsivity than murders perpetrated with a firearm and may uncover an exceptional who lives rather near the person in question and murders performed promptly in the first part of the day seldom include liquor or medication use (www.criminalprofiling.ch). Fourth is the underlying criminal profile. This is the place the profiler plans the scetch of the most probable suspects. Most of common profiles incorporate such things as the culprits race, conjugal status, sex, age, where they live, work history, past criminal records, mental attributes and convictions and qualities. Fifth is the examination stage. The examination stage includes a composed report that is given to the specialists that focus on presumes coordinating the p rofile. In all likelihood the police have just conversed with the suspected however had no motivation to question the presumes declaration. All things considered, if proof is presented at this stage the profile would should be amended. Going before the examination stage is the fear stage. At last, the principle target of the stages was to catch the correct presume which thusly prompts the meeting method. To get the culprit to admit or discuss the violations he has perpetrated, this procedure can prompt aiding in surveying he impacts of foundation and mental factors (www.criminalprofiling.ch). Agents assembling a profile utilize another two methodologies inductive and deductive. Inductive profiling suggest accepting that when a criminal carries out a wrongdoing they have relate intention or experience of somebody who has perpetrated a similar sort of wrongdoing . A case of this is re-irritating attackers whose target is white ladies, as a rule are in all likelihood not to be dark. In light of the way that violations in the past that have been comparative have once in a while crossed racial lines. Be that as it may, these announcements have been asked and have experienced a great deal of advanced negative perspectives. Deductive profiling includes a procedure that maintains a strategic distance from speculations and midpoints. This technique includes cautiously examining suspects in extraordinary detail and changing discoveries in when new proof rises. A deductive profile is set up on the guilty parties activities preceding, throughout and in the wake of perpetrating the wrongdoing. For instance, on the off chance that the killer utilized a temporary weapon, the specialists are then ready to accept that the wrongdoing was in all likelihood irregular. Another model involves sequential killers. At this point, examiners can see whether the homicide was sorted out. Which implies that the executioner did an arranged assault on the person in question, or if the assault was muddled the homicide was spontaneous and the executioner behaved in a vague manner. Composed executioners will in general convey a toolbox that has a cover, gloves, channel tape and rope. With these instruments they can tie their casua lties while concealing their personality and not leave fingerprints. The Inductive profiling model, because of the absence of preparing and instruction of the individuals who use it, has been demonstrated to be a temperamental analytical apparatus. No standard phrasing exists to portray guilty party conduct, and no characterizations that have been created have been totally approved. All things considered, those arrangements have been created utilizing a similar structure and theory as the DSM, short for The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, in spite of the expectation that the DSM be utilized for the motivations behind treatment, and not being intended for the reasons for criminal examination. The selection of this clinical model, at that point, fills no other genuine need than to loan pseudo-clinical validity to the arrangement. The model seemingly doesn't fill the need that it was intended for. Furthermore, introductory measurable examination dependent on problematic groupings and non-uniform wordings are no trade for a careful scientific recreation, wrongdoing scene examination, and victimological appraisal in either a criminal examination or in a courtroom. Given this reality, and given the broad risk of police divisions in prominent cases including excessively excited agents outfitted with Inductive Profile proof, and the by and large inadmissibility of Inductive Profile proof in an official courtroom, the act of training specialists simply Inductive Profiling strategies should end. The Deductive Profiling technique, albeit additional time dedicated to agents, will end up being progressively important as a result of its advantageous use as a guide, its capacity to l

Logitech International SA Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Logitech International SA - Case Study Example The capacity to advance is a key achievement factor which decides the presentation of a business association (Logitech Annual Report 2007). Getting the items the market at the perfect time empowers an organization to outflank its rivals and make due in an exceptionally unsafe market. Logitech is working in a worldwide scene presenting it to the vacillations of trade rates (Logitech Annual Report 2007). This conversion scale chance makes the organization powerless against the adjustments in estimation of monetary standards. For example, the debilitating of the dollar because of the financial downturn makes its pay in the United States lower when communicated in Swiss franc. This thusly can make speculators vigilant in putting resources into Logitech noticing that conversion scale changes can shrivel the organization's incomes and benefits when communicated in Swiss francs. Monetarily, the organization is additionally presented to the downturn in the United States and the food emergency occurring in Asia. It ought to be noticed that these are Logitech's significant markets. As the extra cash of purchasers in these districts is pressed, IT items become unappealing as they go to designating spending plans for fundamental necessities like food and medication. The entire IT industry is ready to profit by the monetary improvement of nations like China and India.

TOEFL Essay Samples - How Can I Prepare For My TOEFL Test?

TOEFL Essay Samples - How Can I Prepare For My TOEFL Test?Did you know that if you're good at studying, you should also be able to do well in an online test called the TOEFL or the Test of English as a Foreign Language? As with all other tests in the world, the English Language Proficiency Exam is competitive, and the TOEFL is no exception.The TOEFL is the first exam, students have to take before being able to get their TOEFL scores high enough to qualify for their test scores. You can get some help from the TOEFL Essay samples that are available on the internet, but the TOEFL requires more time and effort than other exams.The first thing that you should understand about the TOEFL Essay samples is that it is one of those cases where more will not necessarily mean better. The reason why you need to study so much for the TOEFL is because the test is much longer than the average essay. Furthermore, it is sometimes hard to memorize the longer essays.However, there are some excellent onli ne resources that offer different TOEFL essay samples, or other kinds of studying materials in order to prepare you for your TOEFL. What you need to understand is that the TOEFL usually takes several hours. In some cases, you could even lose half of the allotted time by getting so many questions wrong.So, what is the solution if you cannot fit your TOEFL essay samples in the allotted time? Well, you will either need to study really hard or find a coach to work with you.However, just think about it; you would be able to get the help of a professional that would give you good tips on how to study for the TOEFL, including how to memorize the essays and how to structure the essays, and how to format the essays so that they make sense and are understandable. Thiswould give you some benefit.So, if you cannot fit your TOEFL test in the time allotted, then you should consider hiring a coach to help you prepare for the test. The best way to do this is to go to a website that offers these kin d of resources. And if you have a coach, he or she would do the same thing.Instead of doing your own essay samples, you would be working with a coach, and the coach would provide you with the best TOEFL essay samples. This would not only be beneficial for your preparation, but also to your success.

Popular Conspiracy Theories About Lincolns Assassination

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) is one of the most famous Presidents of the United States. Volumes are devoted to his life and death. However, historians have yet to unravel the mysteries surrounding his assassination. The Assassination Abraham Lincoln and his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln attended the play, Our American Cousin at Fords Theatre on April 14, 1865. They were to be accompanied by General Ulysses S. Grant and his wife Julia Dent Grant. However, Grant and his wife changed their plans and did not attend the play. The Lincolns attended the play with Clara Harris and Henry Rathbone. During the play, actor John Wilkes Booth entered Lincolns State Box undetected and shot him in the back of the head. He also stabbed Henry Rathbone in the arm. After shooting the President, Booth jumped out of the box onto the stage, broke his left leg and yelled something that some eyewitnesses reported as, Sic Semper Tyrannus (As always to tyrants). Failed Assassinations by Co-conspirators Co-conspirator Lewis Powell (or Paine/Payne) attempted to assassinate Secretary of State William Seward, but only managed to injure him. David Herold accompanied Powell. However, Herold fled before the deed was finished. At the same time, George Atzerodt was supposed to have killed Vice-President, Andrew Johnson. Atzerodt did not go through with the assassination. Booth and Herold escaped the Capital and traveled to Mary Surratts Tavern in Maryland where they picked up supplies. They then traveled to Dr. Samuel Mudds house where Booths leg was set. Lincolns Death Lincoln was taken to the Petersen House across the street from Fords Theater where he eventually died at 7:22 A.M. April 15, 1865. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton stayed with the Lincolns at the Petersen House and coordinated the efforts to capture the conspirators. Sentences of Deaths of the Conspirators On April 26, Herold and Booth were found hiding in a barn near Port Royal, Virginia. Herold surrendered but Booth refused to come out of the barn so it was set on fire. In the ensuing chaos, a soldier shot and killed Booth. Eight Lincoln conspirators were caught over the next few days and tried by a military court. They were found guilty on June 30 and given various sentences depending upon their involvement. Lewis Powell (Paine), David Herold, George Atzerodt and Mary Surratt were charged with conspiring with Booth along with various other crimes and hanged on July 7, 1865. Dr. Samuel Mudd was charged with conspiring with Booth and sentenced to life in prison. Andrew Johnson eventually pardoned him early in 1869. Samuel Arnold and Michael OLaughlen had conspired with Booth to kidnap President Lincoln and were found guilty and sentenced to life. OLaughlen died in prison but Arnold was pardoned by Johnson in 1869. Edman Spangler was found guilty of helping Booth escape from Fords Theater. He was also pardoned by Johnson in 1869. Pre-Assassination Abduction Was assassination the first goal? The general consensus today is that the first goal of the conspirators had been to kidnap the President. A few attempts to kidnap Lincoln fell through, and then the Confederacy surrendered to the North. Booths thoughts turned to killing the President. Up until recent times, however, there was a great deal of speculation as to the existence of an abduction plot. Some people felt it might be used to exonerate the hanged conspirators. Even the judge advocates feared talk of an abduction plot might lead to an innocent verdict for some if not all of the conspirators. They are believed to have suppressed important evidence such as John Wilkes Booths diary. (Hanchett, The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies, 107) On the other side, some people argued for the existence of a kidnapping plot because it bolstered their desire to connect Booth with a larger conspiracy masterminded by the Confederacy. With the abduction plot established, the question remains: Who was act ually behind and involved in the assassination of the President? The Simple Conspiracy Theory The simple conspiracy in its most basic form states that Booth and a small group of friends at first planned to kidnap the president. This eventually resulted in the assassination. In fact, the conspirators were to also assassinate Vice-President Johnson and Secretary of State Seward at the same time dealing a major blow to the government of the United States. Their goal was to give the South a chance to rise again. Booth saw himself as a hero. In his diary, John Wilkes Booth claimed that Abraham Lincoln was a tyrant and that Booth should be praised just as Brutus was for killing Julius Caesar. (Hanchett, 246) When Abraham Lincoln Secretaries Nicolay and Hay wrote their ten-volume biography of Lincoln in 1890 they presented the assassination as a simple conspiracy. (Hanchett, 102) The Grand Conspiracy Theory Even though personal Secretaries of Lincoln presented the simple conspiracy as the most likely scenario, they acknowledged that Booth and his co-conspirators had suspicious contacts with Confederate leaders. (Hanchett, 102). The Grand Conspiracy theory focuses on these connections between Booth and Confederate leaders in the south. Many variations exist of this theory. For example, it has been said that Booth had contact with Confederate leaders in Canada. It is worth noting that in April 1865 President Andrew Johnson issued a proclamation offering a reward for the arrest of Jefferson Davis in connection with the Lincoln assassination. He was arrested because of the evidence by an individual named Conover who was later found to have given false testimony. The Republican Party also allowed the idea of the Grand Conspiracy to fall by the wayside because Lincoln had to be a martyr, and they did not want his reputation sullied with the idea that anyone would want him killed but a madman. Eisenschmils Grand Conspiracy Theory This conspiracy theory was a fresh look at the Lincoln assassination as investigated by Otto Eisenschiml and reported in his book Why Was Lincoln Murdered? It implicated the divisive figure Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. Eisenschiml purported that the traditional explanation of Lincolns assassination was unsatisfactory. (Hanchett, 157). This shaky theory is based on the supposition that General Grant would not have changed his plans to accompany the President to the theater on April 14th without an order. Eisenschiml reasoned that Stanton must have been involved in Grants decision because he is the only person other than Lincoln from whom Grant would have taken orders. Eisenschiml goes on to offer ulterior motives for many of the actions Stanton took immediately after the assassination. He supposedly left one escape route out of Washington, the one Booth just happened to take. The presidential guard, John F. Parker, was never punished for leaving his post. Eisenschiml also states th at the conspirators were hooded, killed and/or shipped off to a remote prison so they could never implicate anyone else. However, this is exactly the point where Eisenschimls theory collapses as do most other grand conspiracy theories. Several of the conspirators had ample time and opportunity to speak and implicate Stanton and numerous others if a grand conspiracy truly existed. (Hanchett, 180) They were questioned many times during captivity and, in fact, were not hooded through the entire trial. In addition, after being pardoned and released from prison, Spangler, Mudd, and Arnold never implicated anyone. One would think that men who reportedly hated the Union would relish the thought of toppling the leadership of the United States by implicating Stanton, one of the men instrumental in the Souths destruction. Lesser Conspiracies Numerous other Lincoln assassination conspiracy theories exist. Two of the most interesting, albeit incredible, involve Andrew Johnson and the papacy. Members of Congress tried to implicate Andrew Johnson in the assassination. They even called a special committee to investigate in 1867. The committee could not find any links between Johnson and the killing. It is interesting to note that Congress impeached Johnson that same year. The second theory as proposed by Emmett McLoughlin and others is that the Roman Catholic Church had reason to hate Abraham Lincoln. This is based on Lincolns legal defense of a former Priest against the Bishop of Chicago. This theory is further enhanced by the fact that the Catholic John H. Surratt, the son of Mary Surratt, fled America and ended up in the Vatican. However, the evidence connecting Pope Pius IX with the assassination is dubious at best. Conclusion The assassination of Abraham Lincoln has gone through many revisions during the past 153 years. Immediately following the tragedy, the Grand Conspiracy involving the Confederate leaders was the most widely accepted. Around the turn of the century, the Simple Conspiracy theory had gained a position of prominence. In the 1930s, Eisenschimls Grand Conspiracy theory arose with the publication of Why Was Lincoln Murdered? In addition, the years have been sprinkled with other outlandish conspiracies to explain the assassination. As time has passed, one thing is true, Lincoln has become and will remain an American icon lauded with an impressive strength of will and given credit for saving our nation from division and moral oblivion. Source Hanchett, William. The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983.

A Definition of the Literary Term, Cacophony

Similar to its counterpart in music, a cacophony in literature is a combination of words or phrases that sound harsh, jarring, and generally unpleasant. Pronounced Kuh-koff-uh-nee, the noun cacophony and its adjective form cacophonous, refer to the â€Å"musicality† of writing—how it sounds to the reader when spoken aloud.     Ã‚   Coming from a Greek word literally meaning â€Å"bad sound,† cacophony as used in both prose and poetry typically  produces its desired unharmonious effect through the repeated use of â€Å"explosive† consonants, like T, P, or K. The word cacophony itself is cacophonous because of its repetition of the â€Å"K† sound. On the other hand, some words like â€Å"screeching,† â€Å"scratching,† or â€Å"oozing† are cacophonies simply because they are unpleasant to hear. The opposite of cacophony is â€Å"euphony,† a mixture of words that sound pleasant or melodious to the reader. A common misconception is that any tongue-twister, like â€Å"She sells seashells by the seashore† is an example of cacophony. While cacophonous phrases can be tricky to pronounce, not every tongue-twister is a cacophony. For example, â€Å"She sells seashells by the seashore† is actually an example of sibilance—the repeated use of soft consonants to produce hissing sounds—and is thus more euphony than cacophony. Explosive Consonants: A Key to Cacophony In many cases, â€Å"explosive† consonants are the key ingredient of cacophony. Explosive or â€Å"stop† consonants are those after which all sound abruptly stops, producing tiny verbal explosions or â€Å"pops† when spoken aloud. The consonants B, D, K, P, T, and G are the consonants most commonly used in creating a cacophony. For example, imagine writing about a metal pot falling down a stairway. The pot would ping, ting, bong, dong, clang, and bang before going whack against your head. Other explosive consonants  or stop sounds include C, CH, Q, and X. Individual words, sentences, paragraphs, or entire poems are considered cacophonous when they contain explosive consonants occurring in relatively close succession. For example, in his classic poem â€Å"The Raven,† Edgar Allan Poe uses the â€Å"G† sound in a cacophony when he writes, â€Å"What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore.†Or in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth,† the three witches’ chant of â€Å"Double, double toil and trouble,† repeats the â€Å"D† and â€Å"T† sounds to create a cacophony. However, this does not mean that every consonant must be explosive or that explosive sounds must come in rapid succession. Indeed, most cacophonies use other, non-explosive consonant sounds to add to the passage’s expression of uncomfortable discord. In contrast, euphony—the opposite of cacophony—uses soft consonant sounds, like â€Å"floral† or â€Å"euphoria,† or â€Å"cellar door,† which linguists consider the most pleasing combination of two words in the English language. Why Authors Use Cacophony In both prose and poetry, authors use cacophony to help bring life to their writing by making the sound of their words reflect or even mimic the subject, mood, or setting they are writing about. For example, cacophony might be used in writing about: The tolling of distant bells.The noise of a busy city street or classroom full of unruly children.The chaotic violence of a battleground.Dark emotions like guilt, regret, or sorrow.A world filled with fantasy and mysterious settings. By using cacophony and euphony—alone or together—authors can add tone and feeling to their writing in much the same way graphic artists use clashing and complementary colors to bring depth and emotion to their paintings.   Cacophony in Lewis Carroll’sâ€Å"Jabberwocky† In his 1871 novel, â€Å"Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There,† Lewis Carroll created perhaps the best-known example of cacophony by the inclusion of the classic poem, â€Å"Jabberwocky.† The poem, which at once fascinated and confounded the novel’s main character Alice, uses cacophony in the form of invented, unmelodious words spiked with the explosive constants T, B, K to paint  a picture of life in a fantastical world terrorized by a gang of menacing monsters. (Listen to Benedict Cumberbatch read the poem in this video.) Twas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe:All mimsy were the borogoves,And the momeraths outgrabe.Beware the Jabberwock, my son!The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!Beware the Jubjub bird, and shunThe frumious Bandersnatch! Carroll’s cacophony of confusion clearly worked on the novel’s main character Alice, who after reading the poem, exclaimed: â€Å"Somehow it seems to fill my head with ideas—only I don’t exactly know what they are! However, somebody killed something: that’s clear, at any rate.† Contrast Carrolls use of cacophony in â€Å"Jabberwocky† with the pleasurable euphony used by John Keats in his pastoral ode, â€Å"To Autumn.† Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;Conspiring with him how to load and blessWith fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run. Cacophony in Kurt Vonnegut’s â€Å"Cat’s Cradle† In his 1963 novel â€Å"Cat’s Cradle,† Kurt Vonnegut creates the fictional Caribbean island of San Lorenzo, the natives of which speak a vaguely recognizable dialect of English. The San Lorenzan dialect is dominated by the explosive consonant sounds of TSVs, Ks, and hard Ps and Bs.   At one point, Vonnegut translates the well-known nursery rhyme â€Å"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star† (albeit the version used in Alice in Wonderland) into Lorenzan: Tsvent-kiul, tsvent-kiul, lett-pool store,(Twinkle, twinkle, little star,)  Kojytsvantoor bat voo yore.(How I wonder what you are,)        Ã‚  Ã‚     Put-shinik on lo sheezobrath,(Shining in the sky so bright,)Kam oon teetron on lo nath,(Like a tea tray in the night,) Throughout the novel, Vonnegut  uses cacophony comically to illustrate the absurdities of subjects like science, technology, religion, and the arms race by creating characters like Zinka and Bokonon and invented words like sinookas and wampeters, which are decidedly cacophonic due to their use of explosive consonants. Cacophony in Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"Gullivers Travels† In his satirical novel on human nature â€Å"Gullivers Travels,† Jonathan Swift uses cacophony to  create a graphic mental image of the horrors of war. I could not forbear shaking my head, and smiling a little at his ignorance. And being no stranger to the art of war, I gave him a description of cannons, culverins, muskets, carbines, pistols, bullets, powder, swords, bayonets, battles, sieges, retreats, attacks, undermines, countermines, bombardments, sea fights, ships sunk with a thousand men†¦ In similar passages, combining sharp sounds of the explosive consonants C and K add a nature of ruggedness and violence to words like â€Å"cannons† and â€Å"muskets, while P and B add to the discomfort felt while reading words like â€Å"pistols† and â€Å"bombardments.† But Does Cacophony Always Work?   While it can clearly add color and tone to writing, cacophony can sometimes do more harm than good.   If used for no good reason or too often, it can distract and even aggravate readers, making it hard for them to follow the work’s main plot or to understand its intent. Indeed, many authors strive to avoid injecting â€Å"accidental cacophony† into their works. As the noted literary critic M. H. Abrams points out in his book, â€Å"A Glossary of Literary Terms,† a cacophony may be written, â€Å"inadvertent, through a lapse in the writers attention or skill.† However, he stresses, â€Å"cacophony may also be deliberate and functional: for humor, or else for other purposes.† Key Points A cacophony in literature is a combination of words or phrases that sound harsh, jarring, and generally unpleasant.The opposite of cacophony is â€Å"euphony,† a mixture of pleasant or melodious words.The repeated use of â€Å"explosive† or â€Å"stop† consonants like B, D, K, P, T, and G are often used to create a cacophony.Cacophony is used in both poetry and prose.Writers use cacophony to help readers picture and feel the situations or conditions they are describing. Sources â€Å"Euphony and Cacophony.†Encyclopedia Britannica. Online.Bureman, Liz. â€Å"Euphony and Cacophony: A Writer’s Guide.† The Write Practice. Online.Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). â€Å"The Sounds of the Worlds Languages.†Oxford: Blackwell. p. 102. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.Abrams, M. H., â€Å"A Glossary of Literary Terms.†Wadsworth Publishing; 11 edition (January 1, 2014).   ISBN 978-1285465067

How Supply Chain Management Is Essential For Successful...

Real World Process Interview Supply Chain Management is essential to successful movement of goods through a supply network. Many supply chains involves multiple processes and service providers. Most businesses operate in a just-in-time environment, managers must develop efficient, and cost effective ways of moving goods through the process to prevent loss revenue. Maria Hannah, Owner of The Clean Dog Pet Grooming Company provides pet grooming servicing and manufacturing of pet garments. This paper will examine Ms. Hannah’s responses to the Supply Chain questions as it relates to the business. Interview Questions and Responses 1. is Supply Chain Management a strategic senior level position in your business or is it a part of an operations activity? Ms. Hannah (personal communication, 2016) explained that the owner is responsible for supply chain management. 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Without transportation how would things get moved? According to an article written by Marco Cristini, transportation has had a huge impact on many countries and without transportation it would be difficult for customers to receive their items from oversea. Like Newton’s Third Law, transportation

All We Need is Love Essay Example For Students

All We Need is Love Essay What is love? Is love the feeling of physical and emotional attraction? Or is it the outcome of appreciating others virtue? But can there be love without giving? Giving that requires indicating concern for others life and growth. Giving the idea of showing ones compassion of expressed and unexpressed feelings. The most important giving strategy is the ability to view a person as they are and being aware of their distinctive individuality. However, when a person keeps giving love to one another and does not seek love in his or her rightful place, they search for similar feelings somewhere else. Love is significance in humans life. Simple appreciation may ease the pain, but is it enough? When love is not enough it may cause severe damage to a person. It may lead to suicide, to depression, to family problems, and even to eating disorders. Every human being values love than any personal effect in their lives. Love is assisting one another in time of need. When an individual does not experience love he or she develop a mask to their personality. To their fears. To their past life. The masks that create difficulty to knowing someone. Many act in certain ways around certain people. However, when people go through denial of the physical existence just to protect their ego, we call them defense mechanism. Each and every one of us has a different strategy of coping to reality for it to be less stressful. Meaning, these masks protect us. They protect us from bad feelings. However, there is a specific amount of how much defense mechanism may isolate us from the real world. For example, denial. Denial is the most horrifying strategy that anyone may respond to in a situation; therefore, it may lead to completely refusing any horrible experience. People are eager to tell others about their lives but they fear rejection and rejection leads to conflicts within. Everyone fears that exposing themselves would make them seem weak to others. However, does it not sometimes surprise you how one day you think you know someone for such a long time and when a deeply most horrifying secret of the person is out, you feel like your mind betrayed you? You think you know every single detail when in fact you werent looking inside of them. Ill be telling you a story about a 20-year-old girl, Nicole. She lives in the Netherlands, originally from France. Nicole and I have been friends for a long time. We were Skyping, I telling her about my Voice of Youth research paper. I was explaining to Nicole how I couldnt find someone for the interview because of how hard it will be ask someone I personally know about conflicts in their life. As I said before, I knew Nicole for a long time, and in that moment, I discovered that she herself had a major conflict in her life. It does surprise you how long youve known someone, but then when they reveal something shocking about himself or herself, the perspective changes; not of the person, but of the fact that no one really gets to know someone with their problems. No one wants to feel responsible. Nicole.. My friend.. My sister had developed an eating disorder; thus, resulting to Bulimia and anorexia. Nicole and I decided to Skype so I could interview her with questions. I later realized that Im not only a student wanting to gather information for a research paper, but Im her friend; therefore, I decided to take a train to Utrecht. I had to listen carefully as she expresses her thoughts, opinion, and feelings to me. One of the things I Learned from my Guide to critical thinking was, in order for me to be fair; I must consider the feelings of my friend. As I sat down next to her, I heard her pour out her feelings. I could see the way she was acting. Nicole was extremely nervous. She carried a bottle in her hand, fidgeting with it the whole time. I looked at her, asked her one more time if she really wants to do this. Nicole glanced at me with an extremely red face, telling me that it was all right. Nicole began with.. I dont know where to start.. following apologizes of how much I might be disturbed. Nicole was constantly asking Are you sure you want to know this.. I can see shes worrying that I might see her differently. Evaluation of 12 Angry Men Using the Seven Step Me EssayI think its because I felt accepted from Victor. Nicole was able to find what she couldnt get from home. Nicole, how did it change you? â€Å"It made me realize how it is so weird that something is so powerful in your mind that makes you do things you dont want to do. As she was explaining her thoughts, I realized that the mind is strong; it is able to control what we want to know, and if it doesnt feel safe, it turns its back on everyone. Nicole then later on, confronted her parents on their parenting. She poured her heart out, telling them every single detail they did wrong. Leaving out the fact that she was Bulimic, Nicole had only told that to her father. I asked her why her mother doesnt know, she said: My mother could never handle this. Nicole later on then went to a psychological center for anorexic people to help out. It was then that she realized how thankful to god she is for helping her go through this. Nicole met girls that within a blink of an eye may die. She knew then that she should be grateful. The last question I asked my friend, Nicole, was How do you feel now that Im talking to you about this She answered with a smooth look, Its like a story. Nicoles father, Victor, and me were the only people who knew. That was it. I finished the interview. Got up and hugged my friend. As I sat listening to a person I knew, a person that I cared about, but I never considered their feelings as much. Everything made sense. I first asked myself, as I hear her tell her story, This doesnt make sense to me, its like I dont know this person. But then everything connected. I realized that Everyone has different reasons to why they endeavor to hide their emotional pain, that comes in the wake of negative beliefs about ourselves; evoked by a particular person or situation. In conclusion, we are just human. Humans fear the thought of others not responding with a caring or supportive way. People dread the thought of trusting themselves, to cope with others response of their fears. The most important strategy, opening yourself to others. Everyone comes from a completely different family, community, or school. Opening yourself to others gives you the option to be in someone elses world, giving you the choice to perceiving their goodness and kindness. I strongly believe that love comes from giving and knowledge. Many fear opening themselves up to others, afraid of what people may think, resulting to grasp no love from others. People are eager to tell others about their lives, but they fear rejection and rejection leads to conflicts within. Everyone fears that exposing themselves would make them seem weak to others; thus, giving the thought and feeling of no love or compassion from anyone. In conclusion, not all masks are evil. Its up to us how to identify the strategy to make the masks and the reason for each mask to motivate us to unconsciously choose which mask to wear. One must be true to themselves by altering the right mask. Love can be described in many ways. However, love is not only enough when said or told. I believe that if parents do not take care of their childs background, the child will eventually adapt within his or her own culture. Such events shape our lives. As you can see, every time Nicole fell down she got her self-right back up. A critical thinker must always seek better ways of doing things. Critical thinkers believe in the power of their minds.

Adakah kita kelompok munafiq Essays - , Term Papers

Adakah kita kelompok munafiq? , , Tsauban radiallahu 'anhu meriwayatkan Nabi sallallahu 'alaihi wassalam bersabda: " , , Sekelompok manusia daripada umatku akan dikenali kerana mereka datang pada hari Kiamat dengan kebaikan yang umpama gunung Tihamah. " Lalu Allah menjadikan (kebaikan mereka itu) debu-debu yang berterbangan. : , , , Tsauban berkata: Wahai Rasulullah, ceritakan ciri-ciri mereka kepada kami agar kami tidak termasuk dalam kalangan mereka tanpa kami sedari. : " Rasulullah sallallahu 'alaihi wassalam menjawab: Mereka itu adalah saudara kamu, daripada jenis kamu. , Mereka mengambil mengambil waktu malam (sebagai waktu beribadah) sebagaimana kamu mengambil waktu malam (untuk beribadah padanya) Tetapi, mereka adalah kelompok manusia yang bersunyi-sunyi dengan perkara yang Allah haramkan lalu mereka pun melakukan perkara yang haram itu. [Sunan Ibn Majah, Kitab az-Zuhud, hadis no: 4243] ? Mereka itu termasuklah orang-orang yang ketika bersendirian mereka menonton filem-filem yang haram. ? Mereka melawat laman-lama pornografi di internet. ? Mereka menggunakan identiti yang lain ketika ber'chatting' dengan bukan mahram. ? ? ? ? Kemudian, kalian melihat mereka pada zahirnya sangat istiqamah dalam kebaikan sama ada dalam sudut berpakaian, solat dan puasa. ? Hadis ini merupakan amaran kepada mereka ditakuti perlakuan mereka itu sebenarnya perlakuan orang munafiq. ? Dan juga amaran kerana ditakuti mereka itu musuh kepada iblis secara zahir, tetapi rakan kepada iblis secara rahsia. http://www.islamqa.com/ar/ref/134636 Membaca hadis di atas membuatkan kita terdiam. Apakah kedudukan kita di akhirat kelak. Kita semua mempunyai rahsia-rahsia hitam yang hanya diketahui Allah. Ketika kita duduk seorang diri di dalam bilik, menghadap komputer riba. Kita membuka laman sosial, menatap satu persatu wajah-wajah 'indah dan cantik' si gadis yang bukan mahram. Sedangkan di luar kita sering mengajak manusia menundukkan pandangan. Kita di luar hebat penampilannya, yang lelaki berjanggut panjang mengikut sunnah, berseluar singkat kerana takut dijamah api neraka. Berjalan menundukkan pandangan, mahu bertegur sapa dengan Muslimah segan rasa di jiwa. Yang Muslimah sungguh sopan penampilannya. Tiada hiasan menghiasi wajahnya, tiada wangian yang merosakkan jiwa penghidunya. Tiada gurau senda dengan si jejaka. Al-Quran, zikir semuanya terzahir padanya. Tetapi tatkala bersendirian, semuanya hilang begitu sahaja. Seolah-olah tiada Allah yang memerhatikan segala apa yang dilakukan. Movie ditonton tanpa rasa berdosa, muzik didengar menjadi halwa telinga. Foto-foto bukan mahram ditatap dengan ceria. Resah, gelisah, takut, gerun, putus asa! Siapakah yang akan terselamat daripada amalnya menjadi debu jika inilah hasilnya? Siapakah di antara kita yang selamat daripada maksiat ketika tidak dilihat manusia? Membuka penjelasan para ulama', sedikit melegakan jiwa, walau masih tidak aman sepenuhnya. Para ulama' menjelaskan, hadis di atas perlu dibaca sekali dengan hadis di bawah agar difahami maksudnya. : : Abu Hurairah radiallahu 'anhu berkata: Aku mendengar Rasulullah sallallahu 'alaihi wassalam bersabda ? Setiap umat ku akan dimaafkan kecuali golongan yang menyebarkan (tentang dosa-dosa yang mereka lakukan) : Sesungguhnya antara perbuatan al-Mujaharah ialah seseorang melakukan dosa di waktu malam, dan Allah telah menutup dosanya (daripada diketahui orang lain), lalu orang tadi di waktu pagi berkata: ) Ya Fulan! Aku telah melakukan itu dan ini semalam. Sesungguhnya dia telah tidur dalam keadaan Tuhannya menutupkan dosanya itu, tetapi dia bangun pada waktu pagi lalu membuka apa yang telah Allah tutupkan. ( 5721) ( 2990 ( [Sahih al-Bukhari : 5721 dan Muslim : 2990] ? ? ? . Hadis Tsauban adalah berkaitan orang munafiq, manakala hadis Abu Hurairah berkaitan dengan orang Islam. Maka tiada pertentangan antara kedua hadis ini apatah lagi nifaq yang dimaksudkan di sini adalah nifaq amali yang mana sifat nifaq ini tidaklah menafikan hubungan persaudaraan sebagai saudara seagama. Yang dimaksudkan dalam hadis Tsauban adalah mereka yang melakukan maksiat ketika bersama kelompok-kelompok dan rakan-rakan maksiat, dan bukan ketika bersendirian sahaja. ( )

Diverse Hispanic American Groups

Diverse Hispanic American Groups Free Online Research Papers The four groups Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and South Americans have been chosen for identifying the linguistic, political, social, economic, religious and familial conventions and way of life of these different Hispanic groups living in the U.S. All these groups are from different regions but have been placed in one category due to the similarity of their language. The base is Spanish but the accent and the meaning of certain words are different. Two groups; Mexican Americans and South Americans, even though they are the same region have different dialects as well. Mexican Americans The Mexican American population is the largest minority group in America. The Census Bureau data shows a record of over 35 million as of March 2005 (legal and illegal). The Mexican Americans come from all over Mexico resulting in a wide variety of linguistic varieties amongst them. Mexico’s language is derived from Spanish but varies from different regions in Mexico. A majority of Mexican Americans do not speak Spanish at all, native born mainly. The Mexican American population is very much into the political civil rights in America. They are active in many civil rights movements, from workers rights to voting rights. The social status of the Mexican Americans is poor due to the majority not having an education. Alba (2006) states that, a very low level of Mexican-American educational advancement beyond high school, regardless of generation. Because of the poor education, economically the Mexican Americans are behind White Americans. A writer for the Public Policy Institute of California writes Substantial education and wage deficits persist between people of Mexican descent and other Americans. Third generation Mexican Americans in California average a year and a half less schooling and about 25 percent lower wages than non-Hispanic whites. (Grogger, 2002, p.132) PUERTO RICANS Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region. Plantation sugar production dominated Puerto Ricos economy until the 1940s. Recently the economy has suffered budget cuts from U.S. The Puerto Rican economy has depended heavily on the tax incentives given to U.S. mainland companies and on federal transfers. In 1993, President Clinton aimed to cut the Section 936 tax exemption for U.S. companies and introduced legislation to Congress to replace it with a more modest tax credit linked to wages paid by those companies in Puerto Rico rather than to profits. However, the economy of Puerto Rico has benefited greatly from US investment. It is one of the healthiest economies in the Caribbean with a diverse industrial sector and an important tourist industry. Only a very small percentage of the labor force works in the agricultural sector (coffee, sugarcane, pineapples, bananas, plantains and dairy products) whilst much larger numbers are employed in industries incl uding electronics, pharmaceuticals, clothes and food products. The people of Puerto Rico represent a cultural and racial mix. During the early 18-century, the Spaniard in order to populate the country took Taino Indian women as brides. Later on as labor was needed to maintain crops and build roads, African slaves were imported, followed by the importation of Chinese immigrants, then continued with the arrival of Italians, French, German, and even Lebanese people. Spanish and English are both official languages in Puerto Rico although not everyone speaks English and Christianity is the main religion in Puerto Rico; a high percentage of the people are Roman Catholics. There is also a small Jewish community. Santeria, an Afro-Caribbean religion, is practiced by some Puerto Ricans. Puerto Ricans have many similar rights as any other U.S. citizen. Puerto Ricans cannot vote for the president even though they are citizens of the United States. They are excluded from paying federal income tax also. Though some of the privileges associated with citizenship have been withheld from Puerto Ricans, they are allowed ?unrestricted U.S. Migration?[which has] made New York city the one place with the most Puerto Ricans anywhere in the world (over one million) This immigration privilege is something many Hispanics would love to have. Cuban Americans, particularly in the Miami vicinity, tend to be considerably further cautious politically than other Lat ino groups and shape a dominant voting obstruction for the Republican Party in the political arena. Cuban Americans Cuban Americans are often affiliated politically with Jewish Americans while Puerto Ricans have similar affiliations with African Americans. Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans are apt to favor liberal nominees in national and state elections while Cuban Americans are notorious for their powerful conservative ethics. As the Puerto Rican community becomes more educated, political activity expands. Further circumstances like the advent of bilingual programs, the steady arrival of certain kind of religious organizations, and the appointment of politically productive officials make it easier and beneficial to take part in the political process. South Americans The Salvadorians civilians that reside in the U.S. do not seem any different from how they live in their homeland. To begin they left their life behind to move out of the struggle. Since the civil war El Salvador by force had to witness the drastic between two government parties. The politics, economy and society changed with a heavy impact that causes the country to breakdown its structure normal living. Because the U.S. got involve helping defeat the communist party by giving military weapons and also letting American soldiers to fight in combat. Help from the U.S. is what given a very supportive reason why El Salvador no longer holds colones. (Salvador money) they now use U.S. dollars to pay off their debts. They have shown minor progress to influence them to move forward from immigrant status to U.S. citizens. The Hispanic American population has had to overcome many obstacles in their history. Although each individual group within the Hispanic American culture has its own distinct cultural identity, they seem to all be labeled Hispanic Americans because of the commonality of their language. In fact, each group may speak Spanish, but they each have their own dialect of the language, and many times their common words have different meanings. Most of the family structures and religious practices are also different. Doing this assignment helps to understand that not everyone is the same just because they are the same color. Research Papers on Diverse Hispanic American GroupsThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyDefinition of Export Quotas

Ethical Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Project - Research Paper Example The Rose Revolution is a protest call to the resignation of the former Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze in November 23, 2003. It took place after the highly contestable parliamentary elections. The Rose Revolution ended the more than 30 year rule of Eduard Shevardnadze â€Å"as its Soviet-era Communist Party boss and its longest-serving post-independence president†. The protest can be illustrated in the following account of BBC News â€Å"student demonstrators decided to give red roses to the soldiers. Many soldiers laid down their guns. "People were kissing the police and military, it was really spectacular," said Giorgi Kandelaki, a 21-year-old student. "And the roses of course which people had with them, which Misha carried with him into the parliament hall, that was the moment when people said that it was a rose revolution.† (BBC News, May 10, 2005). The Civil disobedience on Arizona Immigration Law was precipitated by the â€Å" The  Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act  (introduced as  Arizona Senate Bill 1070  and thus often referred to simply as  Arizona SB  1070). According to the law, all aliens over the age the 14 who are in the United States for more than 30 days should register with the US governments and carry their documents at all times and making it a misdemeanor for an alien not to carry such documents. The law also allows law enforcers to check such papers upon the suspicion that an individual is an illegal alien. The Arizona Immigration Law has been touted as racist. The law sparked a civil disobedience protest culminating in March 21, 2010 where â€Å"about 100 participants formed a chain of linked arms to stop traffic around the Federal Building†.   16 prominent New Yorkers were arrested whose disgust over the law was released in a press statement as thus â€Å"Our act of civil disobedience is performed

Global Geopolitics of the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Geopolitics of the Middle East - Essay Example It is speculated that this US indifference is entrenched in the inexorable commitment with the state of Israel. This is why the ideology behind planning attacks against the US leading to 9/11 incident is reportedly related to violent disagreement of the masterminds with the US foreign policy which apparently primarily favors Israel. Similarly, majority of the Arabs in the Middle East opinion that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has never been evaluated and approached by the US with objectivity. There is widespread animosity for the US foreign policies and the Iraq war has only intensified the Arab anger for the America. To cap the chaotic political mess, extremely harsh ideas related to the Jews prevail in the Middle East. But, this speculation of US indifference is criticized on grounds that it is actually the flawed perceptions held by the Arabs against the US policies in the context of Zionism and Israelis which work to foster anti-Americanism and threat US’s national secu rity. This is why the mainstream Middle Eastern ideology that the US politics is based on nepotism has little to do with

Microteach #1 Lesson Plan Essay Example for Free

Microteach #1 Lesson Plan Essay Root Tip tip of a plant root that protects the growing tip and secretes mucilage to ease the movement of the root through soil Zone of Elongation absorbs food water, cell growth pushes root tip down, elongating the root Zone of Maturation Zone where root cells differentiate, or form different kinds of tissues that make up a mature root Xylem transports water up from roots through the plant Phloem transports the nutrients made from photosynthesis to all parts of the plant as needed Primary Root Develops into either â€Å"tap root† or â€Å"fibrous roots†; Other smaller roots branch off; Develops from hypocotyl; Roots provide water and minerals to the plant from the soil Adventitious Roots Additional roots that emerge from parts of the plant other than the root system; Burrow into the ground for nutrients Leaves Plumule Also known as â€Å"epicotyl†, emerges after primary root is established and becomes the â€Å"shoot† system above ground Stem Also known as â€Å"axis†; The main â€Å"stalk† of a branch or of the whole plant Apical Bud a. k.a. â€Å"terminal bud†; At the tip of a growing plant; Contains actively dividing cells called apical meristem; Growth here lengthens the plant; grows upward Node – point on the axis, or stem, where the leaf, petiole, another axis, or flower attaches Internode – distance between two nodes Petiole Stalk attaching the leaf blade to the stem Axillary Bud Bud located between the stem (axis) and the petiole; Can develop into a new branch, leaf or flower Leaf Blade Flattened, green site of photosynthesis  Sessile leaves attaches directly to the stem with no petiole Flowers Sepal Provide protection for flower bud; supports petals after flower blooms calyx – many sepals Petals Often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators corolla – many petals Stamen – male flower part Anther: pollen-producing reproductive organ Filament: support structure for anther; Produces male gametes, or spores (plant version of sperm) Carpel Also called pistil; Female reproductive organ in flowers that produces seeds; Consists of ovary, ovule, stigma, and style Stigma Sticky, receptive tip of a carpel; The stigma receives pollen from bees Style pillar-like stalk through which pollen tubes grow to reach the ovary Ovary Pollen fertilizes eggs here and develop into seeds; develops into the pericarp Pericarp The outer layer In fleshy fruits; Often edible for human and animals; Develops from the ovary wall of the flower; Surrounds the seeds. (Vajravelu, 2009) Procedure: Anticipatory Set: â€Å"Now that everyones here, lets leave!† Invite students to travel outside and collect a plant sample that they would like to identify. State Objective Tell students that they are going to be learning about their samples, to identify their parts, and to learn their functions. Model: I will show a Microsoft PowerPoint slideshow with pictures or plant structures, their names, and descriptions of their functions. (ESOL Strategy for Edith: Use of visuals) Slideshow will contain brief and simple definitions for structures. (ESOL Strategy for Edgar: Describing items in simple terms; Bulleted lists rather than extended texts) I will point to the structures as I say their names out loud. (ESOL Strategy for Edith: Pointing/Gesturing) There will be an individual slide for each important structure with additional information, synonyms and pictures (ESOL Strategy for Edgar: Expand vocabulary through paraphrasing) I will try to repeat the names of the structures as many times as I can instead of saying â€Å"it† to aid in pronunciation and understanding. (ESOL Strategy for Edith: Repetition) Input I will ask students if they can provide me with any examples of various structures from their experiences, diets, etc. For example, carrots are tap roots. (ESOL Strategy for Tasir: Linking content to students personal life) Guided Practice – I will provide some  of my own plant samples and place them under the dot cam. I will then dissect samples and state the names of various structures. (ESOL Strategy for Edgar: Correcting Phonological Errors) (ESOL Strategy for Edith: Repetition) Check for Understanding I will ask students to present their samples in groups on the dot cam and name their structures without my assistance. (ESOL Strategy for Tasir: Group Activities with Comprehension Checks) Independent Practice: Student will be asked to fill out a worksheet as homework. The students will be required to label unlabeled plant illustrations, and answers questions about the functions of each structure. Closure: Briefly review the material with students. This time without the visual aid, ask students if they can reiterate or paraphrase the purposes and functions of various structures. Ask students to relate reproductive structures to the embryonic structures they create, and then the embryonic structures to the adult structure they develop into. Assign homework. Give students something to look forward to for the next class, ex: interesting fact about photosynthesis. â€Å"I hope you have a wonderful afternoon! See you tomorrow!† Resources and References: Vajravelu, R. (2009). Ethnobotany: A Modern Perspective. (1st ed., pp. 20-35). Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt. Microsoft PowerPoint (OR) Linux LibreOffice Impress Samples from Landscaping and/or School Garden Dot Cam Evaluation: Upon being presented with an unlabeled plant sample or illustration, students should be able to identify the name each structure. Students should be able to recognize correlations between different structures for plants in different stages of the life cycle (Example: hypocotyl and primary root). Students should be able to understand what functions each structure has that contribute to the survival of the plant. ESOL Strategies: For Edith, who is at the beginning level of language development, used multiple visual aids for each structure. I will state the name of each structure while pointing to the structure, being sure to clearly enunciate, and will repeat the names of the structures as many times as possible. I have placed arrows and animations on the PowerPoint slides for things that I am not able to reach, point to, etc. A real life example that she has collected personally, and can touch and play with at her desk, will be useful as another visual aid. For Edgar, who is in the intermediate levels of language acquisition, I have provided very simplified definitions and brief bulleted lists of additional information. Animations in slides and gestures to structures coupled with me carefully enunciating while I speak the vocabulary words should help to clear up any phonological errors he may experience. Tasir, who is at the advanced levels of language acquisition, will benefit from note-taking in the classroom. Having the correctly spelled vocabulary words provided on the screen next visual examples will help her to spell them correctly in her notes, which will in turn build up her writing skills. Having me read aloud the words on the screen may help her with her reading skills. Peer review in group activities and guided practice will help correct any errors. Her spelling on her homework will help me to assess her level of success. I will link concepts to her personal life, such as tap roots and carrots, to help her understand that improvement in class will lead to skills she will use in life. Copy of PowerPoint is attached.

Confucianism and the Chinese View of Life Essay -- Papers

"The superior man, when resting in safety, does not forget that danger may come. When in a state of security he does not forget the possibility of ruin. When all is orderly, he does not forget that disorder may come. Thus his person is not endangered, and his States and all their clans are preserved.† – Confucius -- Confucianism created the Chinese view of life. The Confucian view is based on the ancient Chinese tradition. It can be stated that the view of Confucius and that of the Chinese began in the same place (  Bush, 15). In subsequent centuries Confucius’ teachings exerted a powerful influence on the Chinese nation. Therefore, the history that surrounds both Confucius as well as Confucianism is relevant to how many eastern people live their life today. Confucius was born in 551B.C., to the noble K’ung family. He was born in the state of Lu, which is present day the Shandong in the Shantung Province. Confucius’ real name was Ch’iu, which means a hill. This was because there was a noticeable bump on his head. His literary name however is Chung-ni. These names have been rarely used because of the Chinese practice of showing reverence by avoidance. K’ung Futzu which means the Great Master has been his most popular name (DeVous and Slote 9). Confucius was born into an impoverished noble family. At the time of his birth, the imperial court of the Chou dynasty had lost its power and the empire virtually disintegrated into a number of feudal states. Confucius’ father who was the commander of a district in Lu died three years after Confucius was born. This left the family in poverty (DeVous and Slote 12). Nevertheless, Confucius received an upscale education. Even in his childhood, Confucius liked to play ceremonies, whi... ... Walter H. Slote ed. Confucianism and the Family. New York: State University, 1998. Fowler, Jeaneane D., Chinese Religions: Beliefs and Practices. Brighton:Sussex Academic, 2008. Print. Mungello, David E. Leibniz and Confucianism the Search for Accord. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1977. Robinson, B.A. â€Å"Religion in China.† Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. 17 Jun. 2005. Web. 10. April. 2014.   Nivison, David S. The Ways of Confucianism. ed. Bryan W. Van Norden. Chicago: Carus Publishing Company, 1996. Overmyer, Daniel. "Religion in China Today: Introduction."  China Quarterly  (2003): 307-316. Web. 21 Jun 2014. Twitchett, Denis and Arthur F. Wright ed. Confucian Personalities. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1962. Wolf, Arthur P. ed. Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1974.

Formal Analysis of Durer’s Knight, Death and the Devil

Uriah Funk Leila Armstrong Art 110 7 February, 2013 Formal Analysis of Durer’s Knight, Death and the Devil My first impression upon looking at Durer’s â€Å"Knight, Death and the Devil† is one of impending doom met with courage and a feeling of resigning to one’s fate. The figure of the Knight is surrounded by the figures of Death on his sickly horse and the beast faced Devil, along with a treacherous landscape that seems to fold in upon itself and hold other unseen dangers.The knight marches forward seeming to ignore the threats, as he leaves the safety of the city behind he is safe in his armor upon his loyal steed, for now. This engraving was done on copper; giving it a warm earthy tone. The absence of other colors gives the piece a dark feeling. Durer’s etching uses light very realistically, giving the figure of the horse especially a very convincing sheen. The absence of light behind the figures lends an abyssal element of danger connecting the literal dangers of Death and the Devil in the upper part of the work to the implied dangers in the lower part of the etching.With the abundance of hatching and cross hatching, lines appear from the texture of the objects and figures themselves, while other line work is direct and bold such as along the armor work of the knight. The eye is drawn to the left along the work at first by the implied motion of the knight and his dog. Other directional forces like the knight’s pike and sword as well as the trees in the background and the devils horn and spear draw the eye back across the space.The magnificent etching makes full use of shape, volume, shading, mass, size, scale, and texture to create an almost scientific realism that would not be out of place in biology textbooks. Durer uses space in the piece to create a sense of closing in around the knight with all of the darkest parts being immediately around the horse and rider. The only open space, or escape, is the sky above a nd behind the knight and he is not heading in this direction, further increasing the sense of danger. Atmospheric and linear perspective while present is minimal and only serve to reinforce the claustrophobic feel of the foreground.At first, the composition seems quite stable, the knight presenting a strong vertical line and his horse firmly grounding the rider, yet the relationship with background characters creates precarious unbalanced shapes. Overall these elements present a foreboding scene for the knight no matter how stable the stance of his horse and rigidity of his spine. The piece gives a very humanist feel, with texture, shading, and mass of the figures and objects having a down to earth almost touchable quality. Other elements like the lizard and skull suggest symbolism that intrigues the viewer to further investigation.Created by Albrecht Durer in 1513 Germany, the piece, according to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, has a connection to a religious literary work titled H andbook of a Christian Soldier. The engraving is 9. 6in x 7. 5in on copper. The small size probably allowed for detail in the work as well as to be useful in book illustration. Works Cited â€Å"Albrecht Durer: Knight, Death, and the Devil (43. 106. 2)†. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www. metmuseum. org/toah/works-of-art/43. 106. 2 (October 2006)

Refecting Images of the Body with Computed Tomography

Question 1: The computed tomography (CT) scan is a procedure that uses x-rays and digital technology to construct conception of the body. It can make a reflection of every part of the body, for example bone and blood vessels.CT scans are used to examine the inner structures of the body which cannot be seen by human eye.Examples are blood cots or tumors.CT scan can also be used to measure precisely the density of bone in assess osteoporosis. Question 2: The writers draw out that CT scans can be useful and harmful to us.CT scans can be used to detect the diseases in your body but at the same time,it can also harm our body due to the expose to radiation which can possibly cause cancer.CT scans is good at identifying diseases fast for the patient to get treatment immediately but it is actually giving out lots of radiation which may cause cancer.CT scans is indifferent depending on the situation. Question 3: CT scan is a fast and painless way to diagnose diseases which human eyes cannot detect.Although CT scan is not a cure for the disease but it is sure to facillate the diagnosis.This is important as it may be used to detect life-threatening diseases which may need an immediate treatment.People normally abuses the use of CT scans and these people may have a higher chance of getting cancer as they are exposed to a huge amount of radiation.The more and often you are exposed to radiation,the higher chance you would probably get cancer.Although CT scans is

The Impact Of Globalization On Nigeria - 2115 Words

Impact of Globalization on Nigeria Ahmet Harun Ãâ€"zdemir BoÄŸazià §i University Author Note This paper was prepared for Program 4, Section 1, taught by Nayat Basma ABSTRACT Expanding information environment which is led by internet, e-mail, free trade and openness and information sciences, have reduced the world a global village. In these modern times, there has been unbelievable alteration in almost all aspects of the society. It is a prevalent belief that globalization holds the key to instantaneous international marketing growth and development. However, Nigeria is, no doubt, facing many new challenges besides many opportunities. Thus, Nigeria does not gain advantages from globalization. The paper also suggests ways which negative effects of globalization can be examined. INTRODUCTION Shanker and Luo (2004:199) address to globalization as â€Å"the growing economic interdependencies of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and variety of cross-border processes in goods and services and of international capital flows, as well as through the widespread and rapid expansion of technology and information.† Globalization typically involves economic integration; the transfer of policies across borders; the share of knowledge; cultural stability; the reproduction, relations, and expressions of power; it is a global process, a concept, a revolution, and an establishment of the global market free from sociopolitical control. It has helped to makeShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Pros and Cons of Globalization900 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization can be defined as the system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. It also refers to the integration of economics and societies all over the world (http://hotbabefat chicks.hubpages.com/hub/Definition-of-Globalization). Globalization can be both advantageous and detrimental to developing countries. Some of its advantages are increased external finance, improved technology and political conformism. Disadvantages of globalization includeRead MoreImpact Of Trade Liberalization On African Countries Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe scholarship examining the extent at which trade liberalization (henceforth refers to as economic globalization) impacts poverty levels is limited. This essay examines the relationships between economic globalization and poverty levels in African countries. For instance, a 2006 UNDP report illustrates that just 7.2 percent of Bayelsa and Rivers State (Nigeria) residents were poor in 1980, but in 2004, the poverty index figures rose exponentially to 44.3 percent; Nigeria’s national rural povertyRead MoreThe World And The Implications For Inequalities And Unevenness1429 Words   |  6 Pagesignored to produce cheap goods. There is also an increase in human trafficking. Nigeria is an example of a country which is rich in natural resources but is still negatively affected by globalisation. It has abundant mineral resources and is abundant in crude oil. The citizens, however, are hungry and poor. The UNDP has classified the country as 141 in the poorest nations on human development index. In its report, Nigeria is considered one of the 20 poorest countries in the world with 70% of the populationRead MoreThe Culture Of The Niger Delta Region Of Southern Nigeria1200 Words   |  5 Pagesof native non-western cultures that have been impacted by globalization. The Ogoni culture indigenous non-western culture in the Niger Delta region of southern Nigeria attained influence from the oil industry (Unknown, UNPO, 2009). In 1956, after World War II, Shell Oil Company from Britain began searching for oil deposits in new territory, with discovery of oil in the Niger Delta, Nigeria (Unknown, UNPO, 2009). Prior to the globalization of the oil industry, the Ogoni culture, had a culture of traditionRead MoreThe Impact of Globalization on Africas Social and Economic Conditions1594 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Globalization on Africas Social and Economic Conditions In the twentieth century, the phenomenon of globalization rapidly swept across the world forcefully and powerfully. 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In the novel, Achebe explores the challenges that the local ‘Umuofia’ faced due to a sudden cultural imposition from the Europeans. The novel is also a representative of the wider picture of African cultures and the socio-economic changes that characterized the colonial eraRead MoreThe Effec ts of Globalization on Nigeria2317 Words   |  10 PagesKabilova CCGL9013 Globalization: African Experiences End of Term Paper Question 2: Choose one African country or society and critically assess both the positive and negative consequences of one aspect of globalization that is affecting this society. Word count: 2090 There are many definitions of globalization, some suggesting that globalization is an ideological battleground where power and resources are fought over and won by a privileged few - that power in fact controls globalization (Adesanya, 2011)Read MoreGlobalization and the Environment2911 Words   |  12 Pages MAY, 2012. INTRODUCTION Globalization (or globalisation) refers to the increasing global relationships of culture, people, and economic activity. It is generally used to refer to economic globalization: the global distribution of the production of goods and services, through reduction of barriers to international trade such as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas and the reduction of restrictions on the movement of capital and on investment. Globalization may contribute to economic growth

Nasw Code Of Ethics Reaction Paper - 1440 Words

NASW Code of Ethics Reaction Paper As a generalist social worker one must engage, assess, plan, implement, evaluate, terminate, and follow up when working with individual or family case work (Kirst-Ashman Hull, 2015). According to Kirst-Ashman Hull (2015) the social worker must build a rapport during the engagement phase in order to have a commitment and advocate for the client’s right to self-determination (National Association of Social Workers, 2008). I feel that as social workers there are many challenges that we are faced with such lack of resources, client resistance, and personal reflection; however, as a generalist social worker one must be competent of resources (NASW, 2008) and have self-awareness in order to†¦show more content†¦1.02 Self-Determination According to NASW (2008) the social work profession must have respect and promotion of client’s right to self-determination. According to Lieberman (2017) each Sanchez family member has their own con cerns; however, through assessment a social worker must facilitate and allow the client to identify and clarify their goals (NASW, 2008). In Lieberman (2017) Hector Sanchez is resistant to apply for public benefits, such as Medicaid that can assist with subsided medical insurance and supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP) that can assist with purchasing food for the family (Department of Children and Families (DCF), 2014). As a generalist social worker professional judgment of client’s right to self-determination may be limited if it can potentially cause risk and harm to the client’s or others’ well-being (NASW, 2008), this may apply to Hector’s case as his reluctance to apply for public benefits may hinder the family’s rights to basic needs such as food and healthcare. Chronic Disease Management In Lieberman (2017) Hector’s history mentions that his health is affected by diabetes, high blood pressure and a physically demanding job that may impinge his future working years (Lieberman, 2017). According to Lieberman (2017) Hector is sacrificing his lunch meals to have an allotted amount of food for his family; however, he does not consider his own health that is greatly affected by his dietary habitsShow MoreRelatedNasw Code Of Ethics Reaction Paper. Migrated From Mexico1109 Words   |  5 PagesNASW Code of Ethics Reaction Paper Migrated from Mexico to the United States in 1976, the Sanchez family currently resides in a Latino community in South Florida. The large extended family consists of ten: Hector, Celia, Junior, Emilia, Vicki, Gloria, Alejandro, Carmen, Roberto, and Joey. Living under one roof, this family affronts many social issues and is in great need of a social worker to anatomize and find resources to assist. In paper #1, the Sanchez family adversities were identified and categorizedRead MoreThe Trials Of The Nuremberg1630 Words   |  7 PagesValues Conflict Paper - Nuremberg Trials The Nuremberg Doctors Trial of 1946 is the preeminent case recognizing the importance of medical ethics and human rights specifically about human research subjects. The defendants in the trials include Nazi leadership, physicians, and investigators prosecuted for conducting unethical and inhumane medical experiments on civilians and prisoners of war resulting in extreme pain, suffering, permanent injury and often death. The Nuremberg Code, borne of theseRead MoreCode Of Ethics Reaction Paper : The Doe Family1419 Words   |  6 PagesNASW Code of Ethics Reaction Paper: The Doe Family A Review of the Case Jane Doe is 22 years old. She has a 3-month old child with her boyfriend, Anthony, who has been physically abusive lately. 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Intensity of a Spectrum-Free-Sample for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.How are the electrons dispersed in the EELS magnetic prism? 2.What function is used to model the background intensity of a spectrum? 3.What function is used in the low-loss region of the spectrum (less then 100eV)? Answers: 1.The existence of electromagnetic having a shaped pole pieces results to generation of uniform magnetic field (denoted as B), having an order of approximately 0.01 T . In this magnetic field produced electrons will follow a circular like paths that is having a radius of R and the electrons will be spontaneously deflected at an angle normally 900. The force exerted by electrons sideway is F = B*e *v = Where; e = speed of electron v = charge m = mass of electron The resultant bending radius of electrons that directly depend on the velocity hence electron energy will be equal to; R = This clearly demonstrates the bending and dispersion of electrons by EELS magnetic prism 2.typically, the model is determined using linear least-square method using a single pre-edge region . Where = background fit window = signal intgergration window Ib = background intensity Ik = signal intensity Power law formulae is the most common background model for intensity of a spectrum J( E) = A A = scaling constant r = slope exponent ( that is usually 2-6) 3.The EELS in the low energy region less than 100 ev is particularl known as valence electron energy lost spectroscopy. The low loss region determines Excitation of valence band electrons Electronic structure EEL spectrum at blow loss region can be described in a dielectric formulation as; (i) Where; v = the speed of the incident region na = the number of atoms per unit volume E = the characteristic scattering angle (E = E/m0v2) Im(= the energy loss function From the equation The complex dielectric function 1 + 2 is obtained from the low loss EEL spectrum

Tourism and economic development

Abstract The paper looks at the relationship between tourism and economic development through a holistic lens. It was found that tourism leads to economic development in host nations through job creation, the multiplier effect, infrastructure development and improvement of business conditions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism and economic development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In certain circumstances, however, tourism may undermine economic development through tax increments, inequality, inflation pressure and environmental problems. Economic development also sustains tourism by taming foreign exchange fluctuations, enhancing the cost of living, creating a sustainable business environment and offering high quality goods and services for tourists. Since tourism and economic development are codependent, it was suggested that governments should promote tourism in order to foster economic development. I nvestors and government bodies should also work on their economies in order to create a sustainable business environment for tourism. Introduction Tourism contributes to the GDP of developing and developed nations tremendously. Stakeholders need to know how this occurs in order to increase its effects. On the flipside, the success of tourist activities also depends on the economic situation of a country, so governments need to work on this aspect, as well. How tourism translates into economic development Tourism increases revenues earned in a country. For instance, if a country receives approximately 1000 tourists who spend $ 100 daily, then the country could enjoy $100,000 increases in daily revenue. If the country can sustain that expenditure over 3 months, then it can enjoy approximately $9,000,000 worth of revenue over that period.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequ ently, retail centers, amusement parts, hotels and other recreational industries will enjoy part of that 9 million. However, since businesses need to purchase imported supplies then perhaps 30% of those earnings would be used to offset that income. The remaining percentage remains in the country and facilitates creation of tourism jobs or profits enjoyed by entrepreneurs. Therefore, a country would develop its economy if it invested in the tourism industry (Stynes 3). Aside from direct revenues, there is multiplier effect that arises from tourism as an economic activity. After receiving the above mentioned amount of revenue, tourist employees in the concerned country will use the amount they earned from wages and salaries to purchase services and goods. As a consequence, more businesses in the nation will benefit from the tourist activities. Jobs will also be created for those individuals selling goods and services to employees in the tourist industry. Therefore, one dollar earned i n revenue from tourism leads to a multiplier effect of more jobs and sales in other industries. UNEP (421) explain that tourism allows countries to harness their cultural heritage, natural landscape, and biodiversity in order facilitate development. It is through this platform that countries can convert what they are endowed with into tangible employment opportunities. Since tourism relies on labor quite intensively, then this can provide an opportunity for disadvantaged groups or the unemployed to become entrepreneurs. This is an industry in which micro enterprises thrive; making handicrafts, jewelry and other small commodities is synonymous with it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism and economic development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Products of tourism span across a wide array of industries ranging from transport, infrastructure, agriculture, energy to art. Consequently, financial benefits can spr ead across different areas of the economy. Tourism also manifests itself in the form of improved investment in facilities like roads, energy and water supply. Before tourists can visit any nation, they need access to it through airports. Tourist-dependent nations often have many air transport hubs. Furthermore, those visitors will expect to enjoy certain basic comforts such as street lights, good sever systems, and good roads. While these amenities may be prevalent in developed nations, the same is not true for underdeveloped ones. Countries interested in growing their tourism industry will need to build their infrastructure. The effects of these endeavors will trickle down to other members of the society. Whole populations can utilize these facilities and thus improve their quality of life. With regard to the poverty cycle, this industry employs the youth and women in large numbers thus fostering independence. In fact, many households are able to break out of the poverty cycle owin g to their participation in tourism. Several authors have carried out case studies on the benefits of tourism in the economy by analyzing their effects on particular countries. Proenca and Soukiazis (200) did an investigation in Portugal concerning the relationship between bed capacity and regional economic growth. Here, it was assumed that bed capacity was indicative of the intensity of tourism in a region. The researchers found that for every percentage increase in accommodation capacity, regions experienced a 0.01% in their per capita income.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the authors proved that tourism does indeed translate into greater economic growth. Conversely, one can prove that tourism enhances economic development by analyzing the rate at which countries depend on tourism over other areas of the economy. Lanza and Pigliaru (12) showed that countries with many natural resources and a sizable labor force gave them a comparative advantage in tourism over others that did not have these resources. When one contrasts countries that have these features and focus on tourism to countries that specialize in manufacturing, it is evident that the former countries grow their economies at a faster rate than the former ones. Therefore, tourism performs better than other conventional industries with regard to its capacity to grow economies. The same pattern is repeated when one compares small nations that depend on oil production with large ones that depend on tourism. Most of the oil-producing nations come from large economies; small countries of ten record low levels of growth, but when this is combined with specialization in tourism, one is likely to record higher levels of GDP growth. Therefore, tourism facilitates greater levels of economic growth for small economies (Ivanovi and Webster 22). The same observation is not prevalent in large economies that are already developed even though tourism thrives there. Therefore, several factors that demonstrate the existence of a robust tourism industry eventually lead to higher economic growth. The prevalence of higher economic growth amongst these small, tourism-dependant nations stems from their use of foreign exchange earnings to offset their balance of payment. They also use the same revenue for management of their national debt. It is easy to translate these payments into sizable economic returns because the economies of scale are small for such nations. It is also easy for these countries to take some of their foreign exchange and use it to import resources and capital. As a result, net increases in their economies will be high. Tourists require certain goods when they visit target countries. Sometimes this may lead to an increase in the choices available to local consumers. If the goods happen to be of a high quality, then local producers may be prompted to enhance production. Higher competition increases economic outcomes and thus prosperity in the country. It is possible for taxes to reduce owing to tourist activities. If a country or region heavily depends on tourism, it may tax tourism-dependent businesses heavily and reduce the amount it expects to get from other local businesses. As a result, local communities may benefit from the development of roads or schools without necessarily paying a high amount of tax. It should, however, be noted that sometimes the reverse may occur. If infrastructural needs required to cater for tourism are excessive, then locals may experience greater taxation. Regardless of the latter, one can still acknowledge tha t tourism may benefit an economy by improving the tax rates (Stynes 4). Generally, one may understand the effect of tourism on the economy through a theoretical model known as the export-led growth hypothesis. In this theory, economies of nations grow as a result of increased export, capital and labor within a country. Exports are particularly useful to countries interested in growing because they allow them to take advantage of economies of scale (Lim 70). International businesses do not have to depend on local communities for production as they can distribute production across a myriad of regions. This leads to cost savings and greater profitability. Export expansion also leads to greater economic development through technical knowledge diffusion. Those concerned will get access to greater expertise and this promotes the growth of economic activities. It is likely that when a country does more exporting than importing, then chances are that there will be greater competition among those concerned. Since tourism is a form of export, then this explains why the activity fosters economic growth (Risso and Brida 178). Economic development leads to tourism Not only does tourism lead to economic development but the reverse may also be true; economic development fosters tourism. As an industry, tourism is unique from conventional understandings of what an industry is. In economics, for an activity to become an industry, it must employ the factors of production, such as land, labor, and capital, in order to make products. It must also use certain variables in order to participate in the production process. The major problem with this approach is that it does not factor in service-oriented sectors, of which tourism belongs. The latter industry heavily relies on labor and offers services to a number of foreign and domestic economies. Tourism incorporates the use of goods and services in order to meet needs of clients. Nonetheless, production and consumption still occur when participating in tourism. Visitors who enter a certain country will do so for business or pleasure. Those who come for leisure will solely consume while those who visit a country for business will consume as well as produce. Therefore, one cannot classify tourism as an explicit production or consumption good. Another feature that distinguishes tourism from other sectors is the fact that consumers must transport themselves to the concerned location and not the other way around. Conventional sectors like manufacturing often involve taking conventional products to consumers. This means that it can be regarded as an import in certain dimensions. However, because of the foreign exchange earned, the industry is also an export one. All these differences in tourism as an industry imply that its contribution to the economy of a country or region is quite multifaceted. Regardless of how one looks at the industry, it still depends on economic development as a prerequisite to success (Vane gas and Croes 960). Globalization has infiltrated almost all industries and tourism is no exception. Since transportation cost is an important consideration for most visitors who are thinking about entering a country, then they must incorporate the amount of expenditure that is required to get to a host country. This means that if the income of potential tourists is low, then chances are that less travelling will occur. For an economy to grow in a country that depends on tourism, it must depend on visitors from countries with relatively stable income streams. Therefore, economic development in target countries (nations that act as consumers) can foster tourism. Unlike certain consumer goods that can be sold in any country regardless of its income, tourism will sell greatly in economically developed nations as these consumers have the financing needed to enjoy tourist activities. Additionally, because the industry is perceived as a luxury in certain respects, then the concerned entit ies must be able to afford luxurious items. This further proves that economic development affects tourism because consuming countries must be economically prosperous (Ghartey 5). Prices of commodities and services in a host country affect how many visitors it gets. Additionally, even the cost of living in a country will alter the number of people who come to visit. Economic difficulties will usually manifest themselves in terms of a high cost of living. Additionally foreign exchange rates will also demonstrate how economically prosperous the country is. Potential tourists will consider these factors before choosing to visit it. Consequently, not only is economic development a prerequisite to success in tourism in countries that supply the visitors, but it also matters in the host country. Certain services are just easier to provide if the economic situation in the tourist country is tenable. As explained earlier some travelers may visit a host country for business while others may d o it for pleasure. Those who target a country for its business prospects will often end up using various businesses in the tourism industry. International trade is becoming a reality especially in emerging economies such as China and India. The need to transact with these countries fosters business travel and foreign exchange earnings. Therefore, countries with a robust trading platform have high numbers of business travelers and high earnings in tourism. Such nations will usually report positive economic figures and balance of payments. As a result, one may say that economic development, as seen through high rates of international trade, leads to a thriving tourism industry (Fayissa et al. 18). The sustainability of tourism is highly dependent on investment in economic activities. Pro development tourism is an approach to tourism that entails securing economic development for locals in order to make tourism sustainable. In order to prosper in any industry, businesses have to engage in practices that attract consumers. The same fact is true for tourism and potential visitors. This industry is highly dependent on employees that are highly educated. It also thrives in areas that have convenient access to health services as well as a sound energy, transport, communications and water networks. Not only do tourists expect to enjoy these benefits but locals also stand to gain from them. Developers, operators, hotel owners and investors need to embrace the fact that risks and opportunities abound in tourism, and investment in the economy will lead to greater prosperity within the chosen country. If these business players respond to the economic needs of the local community then they will continually meet tourist expectations about the condition of their locations. As a result, such companies can enjoy repeat business and long term success (Goodwin et al. 6). Working on the economic situation of a certain locality works for investors in tourism because it will improve the business environment. If all the business stakeholders in a tourist destination work together in order to boost economic development, then they will minimize the cost of doing business in that destination. These stakeholders will gain access to benefits that they initially would have foregone if they were acting alone. Business entities can also benefit from sustainable tourism if they invest in the economy of the host nation by creating a standard that they abide by. These individuals will have compliance guidelines that will assist in maintaining high industry standards and eventually greater returns. Industry stakeholders who take charge of their economic environment will also minimize the risk of legislations and interventions by national bodies that may disrupt or run them out of business. As a result, one can assert that tourism is dependent on economic development owing to the business environment created and the prospects for sustainability (Kim et al. 920). Investing i n regional or local economies through infrastructure, local sourcing and employment opportunities enhances the image or brand value of a certain organization. The concept of reputation risk is closely associated with the latter statement. Reputational risk management involves providing consumers with more than tangible aspects of business. For instance the experience of most tourists is much richer than what can be offered as transport, accommodation or even sightseeing. Further, products obtained by tourist players go beyond what businesses manage within the supply chain. As a consequence, tourist investors can increase their brand image or minimize business risk by improving economic conditions in their localities. Fostering local economies by businesses also makes the tourist landscape work well for stakeholders because it fosters goodwill among the masses. When locals enjoy a greater livelihood as a result of investment by tourism stakeholders then they will support the very exi stence of the business. Thriving tourist businesses cannot exist in environments where local communities are resentful against them (Dritsakis 310). It is quite expensive to work in a place where protests and demonstrations against a certain institution are common. Businesses can prevent the occurrence of this situation by working on the local economies of their tourist locations. Tourism is dependent on economic development because the industry will have a stable pool of employees from which to hire their staff. Good economies tend to have highly motivated workers who go out of their way to educate themselves and enhance their skills. Consequently, companies that work on the economies of their local operations will benefit from it by having high quality staff to select. They will also reduce costs in continually hiring and training new staff. Inequality: who really benefits Although economic development is highly likely amongst countries that have a thriving tourism industry, there are certain situations in which economic development may not be felt by all concerned parties. For instance, hotel owners benefit greatly from tourism activities because most accommodation businesses are created for these entrepreneurs. In a country such as Malaysia where tourism contributes a large share of the GDP, only 11% of the earnings from this sector reach locals and small businesses. Additionally, crafts artisans only access 5% of those earnings. Most of the income goes to large hotel owners and similar entrepreneurs (TPRG 12). Cases of inequality or poor distribution of wealth depend on the nature of the economy in a certain country as well as its business structure. For instance, a country such as Tanzania has more imports than exports. Therefore, even a smaller portion of income from tourism is enjoyed by locals compared to Malaysia. 10.2 % of all earnings generated in tourism are captured by members of this demographic group. Tanzania mostly gets its tourism supplies e xternally; additionally, quality staff members also come from other countries. This prevents locals from participating in creation of wealth. In contrast to the above mentioned examples, a country such as Panama manifests a very different pattern. About 56% of all earnings from tourism in this country are enjoyed by locals with moderate means. However, the proportion of the people who enjoy it are those who come from tourism-dependent regions. Poor people in Bocas del Toro enjoy about 43% of the income because this a tourist region. However only 19% of the income earned from tourism in Chriqui province goes to the poor because the economy of that region does not depend on it. Therefore, the case for economic equality from tourism in many developing nations depends on a series of factors. First, supply chains need to incorporate the locals. Further, skill levels and the composition of the labor market will determine whether tourism would lead to greater benefit among the poor than am ong other groups. Additionally, one must consider the composition of the entrepreneurial sector; if microenterprises thrive in a certain country then chances are that locals will also benefit (Mitchell and Ashley 77). Some unwanted economic effects While tourism may cause increases in the rate of consumption of goods, sometimes this may lead to unwanted effects. For instance, external sourcing of supplies needed for use in the tourism industry may lead to an imbalance in the imports and exports of a country. Nations that lack the resources necessary to support visitors may witness higher levels of importation occurring due to an increase in tourism. Earnings from tourism activities may not be enough to offset the imbalance in trade that has arisen from the purchase of imported commodities. Additionally, when excessive numbers of tourists are reported within a certain country, then a country’s tour operators or other related businesses may not be able to meet the demand for se rvices and goods from them. The overall result is high inflation pressure, which may persist over the years. Economies of these countries may become casualties of unmet demand in tourism (Ghartey 8). Inflationary pressures may also manifest in the housing industry through fluctuating prices seasonally. The challenge of tourism in economic development may also be manifested through taxation. In developing economies, where infrastructural challenges are many, governments may need to invest in construction of roads and the like in order to promote the tourism industry. The process of carrying out these activities may result in greater levels of taxation during construction. In developed nations, high infrastructural costs may stem from greater taxation needed to cover the service costs of maintaining these amenities. Therefore, sometimes greater tourism levels may undermine economic performance within a certain country owing to taxation increments (Stynes 5). Environmental issues have also been cited as another unwanted effect of tourism. This may often result in the underdevelopment of other industries that depend on the same natural resources. As a consequence, economic development may be impeded. Most tourism activities occur in coastal areas where freshwater is absent or the facilities needed to provide them are lacking. Since tourist businesses cannot compromise on the availability of water, many of them may secure it through any means necessary. This may result in appropriation of water needed for agricultural use. A case in point was golf tourism in a Mediterranean Island. The concerned industry needed water for irrigation of the courses. Since water was scarce in the location, it was necessary to transport it in. Estimates indicate that the golf course used seventeen times as much water as regular users. After the owners of the golf courses decided to expand the facility, it was necessary to construct them over agricultural land. This was done in order to place desalination plants, which convert salty water into freshwater. Therefore, the growth of tourism in the Island came at a price; agriculture was undermined in the area and this offset the economic benefits of the gold course. One can thus assert that the unwanted environmental of tourism weaken critical economic activities. The economic sustainability of tourism may thus be questioned (UNEP 417). Conclusion Tourism and economic development are intertwined as they each depend on each other for survival. Tourism can lead to economic development through direct and indirect effects. Direct effects include revenue generation and foreign exchange in a tourist-dependent country. These effects also include creation of business opportunities that thrive on money earned from tourism or local sourcing of supplies. Indirect effects include better taxation, employment opportunities, improved infrastructure and better quality of goods. On the other hand, tourism may undermine economic devel opment by creating environmental problems, higher taxation in infrastructure construction and inequality in income distribution. Economic development also leads to success in tourism by proving better quality goods, improving foreign exchange rate conditions and promoting the sustainability of business in that location. 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